This topic looks at what a solution is and different types of mixtures then covers different techniques for separating different mixtures 

Success criteria - can you…

Identify a solution

Describe solutions

Plan and carry out a fair-test investigation to test predictions, including identifying independent, dependent and control variables

Present observations and data using tables and graphs

Interpret observations and data, including identifying patterns to draw conclusions

Explain what a saturated solution is

Explain how filtration works

Explain how evaporation works

Explain how distillation works

Carry out chromatography

Explain what a pure substance is

Explain how to identify a pure substance

Skill: Plot a graph and draw a line of best fit

Key words

Word

Meaning

Mixture

Two or more substances mixed that can be easily separated and are not bonded

Pure

A substance that does not have anything else in it

Dissolving

When a solute mixes with a solvent to make a solution

Soluble

A solid that can dissolve in a liquid

Insoluble

A solid that that can’t dissolve

Solute

The solid that has dissolved in a liquid to make a solution

Solvent

The liquid that has dissolved a solid to make a solution

Solution

Mixture made when a solute dissolve in a solvent

Transparent

Another word for see-through

Opaque

Cloudy, can’t see through

Saturated

A solution that contains as much dissolved solid as it possibly can

Solubility

The amount of a solid that will dissolve in 100g of a liquid

Separate

To move apart

Brine

A solution of sodium chloride (common salt) and water

Filtration

Separates insoluble substances from a solvent

Evaporation

Separates soluble substances from a solvent

Crystallisation

Crystals of a solute form when a solvent evaporates

Distillation

Separates a liquid from a solution by evaporating the liquid and then condensing it

Chromatogram

The dried piece of paper produced by chromatography.

Chromatography

Separates dissolved solids from one another – often coloured

Here is a scan of the notes from your books